Authorizing the indefinite incarceration of non-citizens based on mere suspicion, and the indefinite incarceration of citizens designated as "enemy combatants" without access to counsel or meaningful recourse to the federal courts;
(b) limiting the traditional authority of federal courts to curb law enforcement abuse of electronic surveillance in anti-terrorism investigations and ordinary criminal investigations;
(c) expanding the authority of federal agents to conduct so-called "sneak and peek" or "black bag" searches, in which the subject of the search warrant is unaware that his property has been searched;
(d) granting law enforcement and intelligence agencies broad access to personal medical, financial, library and education records with little if any judicial oversight;
(e) chilling constitutionally protected speech through overbroad definitions of "terrorism";
Answer: d. None of the above
Sustainable development involves the maintenance of human community with the adequate and judicious use of natural resources so that these resources will be available for future use. Small societies can maintain stability in the long terms by following notion of sustainable development. Smaller societies have a smaller demand for resources. As, lesser the number of individuals lesser will be the demand for resources and these resources will be available for future hence, smaller societies will maintain stability. Smaller societies can be governed by internal controls more effectively than larger societies because members can control the use of resources by creating awareness among themselves and use of resources can be checked upon. Small societies rely more heavily on legislation and military forces because these can ensure that all norms of resource conservation and sustainable development are strictly followed by members of the society.
Therefore, all options are useful for maintaining stability in the society.
Explanation:
B. Lactic acid is produced from lactobacilli as the starter undergoes fermentation
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation. In lactic acid bacteria, the pyruvate produced is directly transferred to lactate (a form of lactic acid) producing NAD+.
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
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The answer is Cortisol ad
ADH. The hypothalamus produces arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and corticotrophic-releasing
hormone (CRH). CRH induces the pituitary to produce cortisol which is known as
a stress factor. Cortisol then induced the hypothalamus to produce vasopressin
( also ADH ) that prompts an increase reabsorption of water and minerals in the
kidneys.