Answer:
Sam is currently on the obedience and punishment stage of moral development, which is the first stage in the first level (Preconventional).
Explanation:
The preconventional level centers on the idea that a <em>child's morality is </em><em>externally driven</em>, which means that his/her moral behavior is<em> influenced by an external stimulus</em> and not from his/her own thinking.
The first stage in this level is known as obedience and punishment and it occurs when the child <em>obeys rules</em><em> in order to </em><em>avoid punishment,</em> not because he/she believes in these rules.
In this case, Sam is not lending the toy because he thinks his mother will get mad and he will be punished, thus he opts to obey the idea he has of his mother in order to avoid a punishment he believes he will get.
The food chain would shatter. Causing different prey and predators to die off
A cupcake is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas a certificate of achievement given to a student is an example of a secondary reinforcer. The primary reinforcers occur naturally and do not need to be learned. Primary reinforcers are biological. Food, drink, and pleasure are basic examples of primary reinforcers. Secondary reinforsers on the other hand are conditioned and require association with these innate reinforcers before they can produce a response.
Answer:Failing to employ respectful free speech.
Explanation:You have the right and ability to voice your opinions and values to an audience. However, that freedom of speech must be balanced with your responsibility as a speaker to respect your audience. Offending or degrading the values of your audience members will not inform or persuade them.
It’s Albin's right to voice that opinion. Nevertheless, it’s important that he would have built his case without offending his classmates.