• 4 years of pre-medical education at a college or university • 4 years of medical school resulting in a M.D or D.O degree. • 1 year internship in general surgery. • 5-7 years neurosurgery residency program. •some neurosurgeons complete a fellowship after residency to specialize in a particular area. •continuing education - annual meetings, conferences, scientific journals, research - to keep up with advances made in the complex field of neurosurgery
Answer:
The correct answer is option A. large cranial capacity.
Explanation:
Humans (genus Homo) are said to have descended from australopithecines ancestors found 2 to 3 million years ago. Early homo came after the australopithecines who were more similar to homo sapiens.
The major characteristics that distinguish early Homo from Australopithecus are early homo have a larger cranial capacity which is larger brain size and smaller dentition. This distinguish character is more because of their diet.
Thus, the correct answer is option A. large cranial capacity.
Cells respond to environmental effects through signal transduction, which promotes healthy cell growth and normal cell function.
<h3>Why is the signal transduction step necessary?</h3>
The reason why after a signal binds to a signal receptor, we need the next step is as follows:
- For the purpose of triggering an appropriate cellular response, living creatures have evolved a vast range of intricate procedures to send signals from the outside to the inside.
- These molecular pathways can develop flaws that result in a variety of ailments, including diabetes, cancer, and psychotic conditions.
- It is the mechanism by which a cell responds to the stimuli it receives from the environment by diffusion of those signals to its internal compartments.
- Signal transduction is the process by which a cell translates a given signal or external stimulus into another signal or specific response.
- First, a particular receptor on the cell's membrane or cytoplasm must be activated by a signaling molecule (also known as a ligand). transduction.
- Ligand-receptor binding is extremely specific; it can be compared to a lock and key.
- Second messengers are chemicals that enable intracellular signal amplification after a signal has been received.
- A ligand's interaction to a receptor may result in the production of hundreds of second messenger molecules, which may then change thousands of effector molecules to cause a variety of reactions.
- Signal transduction enables cells to perceive, interpret, and react to various environmental signals, enabling them to carry out their usual functions.
To learn more about signal transduction visit:
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Answer:
Diabetics nutrition is impacted
Explanation:
People with Diabetes have certain foods that they can eat. In some ways they are best to keep to a low carb high protein diet. Diabetics want to stay away from anything that has alot of sugar in it.
