Answer:
The most appropriate answer would be option B.
The flaw in their reasoning is that they compared different molecules in a different set of organisms.
For example, they compared the DNA of lizard A and B whereas they compared the RNA of lizard B and C.
In addition, the mutation rates of different molecules (DNA and RNA) are different and thus, comparison of DNA in one set of organism and comparison of RNA in another set cannot be used as the basis for the conclusion.
The best answer is D, birds.
For more information and details on the way a bird's respiratory system works:
https://asknature.org/strategy/air-flow-patterns-facilitate-efficient-gas-exchange/
Pairs of Unit Factors, or Genes
Mendel proposed that paired unit factors of heredity were transmitted faithfully from generation to generation by the dissociation and reassociation of paired factors during gametogenesis and fertilization, respectively. After he crossed peas with contrasting traits and found that the recessive trait resurfaced in the F2 generation, Mendel deduced that hereditary factors must be inherited as discrete units. This finding contradicted the belief at that time that parental traits were blended in the offspring.
A gene is made up of short sections of DNA that are contained on a chromosome within the nucleus of a cell. Genes control the development and function of all organs and all working systems in the body. A gene has a certain influence on how the cell works; the same gene in many different cells determines a certain physical or biochemical feature of the whole body (e.g., eye color or reproductive functions). All human cells hold approximately 21,000 different genes.
Genetics is the science of the way traits are passed from parent to offspring. For all forms of life, continuity of the species depends upon the genetic code being passed from parent to offspring. Evolution by natural selection is dependent on traits being heritable. Genetics is very important in human physiology because all attributes of the human body are affected by a person’s genetic code. It can be as simple as eye color, height, or hair color. Or it can be as complex as how well your liver processes toxins, whether you will be prone to heart disease or breast cancer, and whether you will be color
Lactose hydrolysis occurs for lactase-persistent individuals and the people who have a lactase deficiency. Lactose hydrolysis is found in dairy products and also to the various milk products. The process of this lactose hydrolysis is said to be not that complicated.
<span>The hypothesis has to survive all attacks on it and continue to provide the best known explanation of the known data.
In the scientific method, there are several steps towards the creation of a hypothesis and eventually a theory.
1. Gather data.
2. Construct a hypothesis that explains the data. This hypothesis should be capable of being disproved and should be capable of making predictions.
3. Gather more data. DO NOT cherry pick only that data which supports the hypothesis . If data is uncovered that contradicts the hypothesis , revise or replace the hypothesis.
4. After the hypothesis has survived all attacks on it and is the best known explanation of the data, then it becomes a theory.
5. Note, data collection continues after the hypothesis became a theory and if new data is discovered that is in conflict with the theory, then the theory is modified, or discarded in favor of a new hypothesis or theory.</span>
