Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is a member of the Russian State Duma, engineer, and former cosmonaut. She is the first and youngest woman to have flown in space with a solo mission on the Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963
Answer:
While Christopher Columbus and his crew of explorers were not the first Europeans to set foot on land in the western hemisphere (i.e., temporary Norse timber colonies of Leifsbudir and Straumsfjord circa 1000CE, in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, Canada), they were the first such explorers to be heralded for their "discovery" of new lands to the west. The Viking explorations centuries earlier were accomplished by seafaring peoples with no written language or histories, so the knowledge of such North American settlements was lost until recent archaeological excavations and the so-called Vinland documents. Nevertheless, it is Christopher Columbus and his crew who are remembered as being the first Europeans to discover the new world. This discovery brought with it rapid colonization by the western European powers (namely, England, France, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands), new trade commodities, advances in seafaring and supply preservation, and new contacts between cultures. Unfortunately, Columbus' discovery of the new world is also shrouded by the violence and death directly and indirectly inflicted on peoples indigenous to the western hemisphere.
Christopher Columbus' discovery undoubtedly changed history by opening up new lands for the European imperial powers to colonize and conquer, signaling the end of western hemisphere civilizations that were pushed to extinction or collapse, introducing products such as corn, potatoes, tobacco and chocolate to the rest of the world, and by laying the foundations for the new states of the western hemisphere.
The Santa Maria did not make it back.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. As Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention–which would likely involve Russia’s ally, France, and possibly Britain as well. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe’s great powers collapsed. Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World War I had begun
The point of checks and balances was to make sure no one branch would be able to control too much power, and it created a separation of powers.
