Ruling out rival hypotheses, Findings consistent with several hypotheses
require additional research to eliminate these hypotheses. More five principles
of critical thinking are: (1.) Correlation vs. Causation, the fact that two
things are associated with each other doesn’t mean that one causes the other.
(2.) Replicability, a finding must be capable of being duplicated by
independent researchers following the same recipe. (3.) Occam’s Razor,
if two hypotheses explain a phenomenon equally well, we should generally select
the simpler one. (4.) Falsifiability, claims
must be capable of being disproved. (5.) Extraordinary Claims, the more a
claim contradicts what we already know, the more persuasive the evidence must
be before we should accept it.
Albany, New York, in the north to Delaware in the south and encompassed parts of what are now the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut, and Delaware
Tom refused to accept Sam's input and change his attitude. Interestingly, the input provided by Sam further strengthened Tom's initial attitude. This is an example of a: <u>contrast effect</u>.
<u>Explanation</u>:
A contrast effect is the term used in psychology to explain the aggravation or decline, cognition or related performance as a result of consecutive or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the same dimension.
The type of contrast depends upon the how the participant considers a situation. There are two types of contrast effect. They are
i) Positive contrast effect
ii) Negative contrast effect
In the above scenario, Tom and Sam were discussing about the tax rates. Conflict arises between them when Sam objects Tom’s view on tax rates. Tom got aggravated and strengthened his attitude.
