Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
The female reproductive system<span> is made up of seven organs. They are ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Basically the main reproductive organ is the ovary</span>
Answer:
A trait is any gene-determined characteristic and is often determined by more than ... by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation. ... A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person's cells.
Explanation:
Answer:
<em>The grasshopper competes with the sheep for food, thereby reducing the available quantity and quality of food for the sheep.</em>
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, many organisms rely on the same food source. The success of a particular species in extracting the food source better than another species that needs that same food source can affect the success of population of this other species of animal. If the number of grasshopper in this pasture becomes too much, it might lead to the consumption of a large portion of the pasture by the grasshopper, leading to a reduction in the available food for the sheep. If this happens, the population of the sheep might decline in order to balance the increase in the population of the grasshopper.
