Https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/medieval-times/spread-of-islam/a/the-rise-of-is... this link should help you
Answer:
The question is not properly organized to facilitate the pattern of answer required, however, I provide the answers in the most helpful format below:
A) Third Crusade - organized in 1189 to recapture Jerusalem after it fell to Saladin.
B) Second Crusade - organized by King Louis VII of France and the German emperor.
C) Third Crusade (Battle of Jaffa) - ended in a truce signed by Richard and Saladin.
D) Second Crusade - caused distrust between Byzantine and Catholic Christians aimed to recapture Edessa.
Explanation:
Between the 11th and the 17th centuries, Christians and Muslims were entangled in a series of bloody religious wars mostly predicated on maintaining territorial and influential dominance within the regions of Europe and western Asia. The crusades, as they were tagged were offensives orchestrated mostly by the catholic church and championed by the European monarchies with vested interests.
In connection with the question, following are important highlights of the relevant crusades:
The First crusade: Fought between 1096–1099 and ended mostly in victory capturing important the city of Nicaea, restoring much of western Anatolia to the Byzantine Empire and successfully capture Jerusalem (the Holy Land)
The Second crusade: started in 1147 to reclaim the County of Edessa which had fallen to the forces of Zengi the previous year. Championed by two European kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany and lasted through 1149 ending in the defeat of both kings.
This defeat led to a significant distrust between Byzantine and catholic Christians of Odo, Deuil, and Syriac as the latter believed that the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos secretly ordered Turks to attack them.
The Second crusade:
Some Americans supported imperialism from a moral rather than an economic opinion. They saw much of the world as living in dark- ness. It was the duty of the United States, in their view, to bring the light of freedom and Christianity to those dark places.
These people believed our way of life was superior to the way of living in other countries. Another reason why we pursued a policy of imperialism was because we wanted to be viewed as a world power. ... We didn't have these colonies and felt we needed them to be viewed as a strong country.
“American imperialism” is a term that refers to the economic, military, and cultural influence of the United States on other countries. First popularized during the presidency of James K. ... During this time, industrialization caused American businessmen to seek new international markets in which to sell their goods.
Economic competition among industrial nations, political and military competition, including the creation of a strong naval force, and a belief in the racial and cultural superiority of people of Anglo-Saxon descent all fueled American Imperialism.
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<em>-Astolfo</em>
