Answer: If one is constructing a phylogeny of reptiles using DNA sequence data of birds, mammals, amphibians or fish, the suitable outgroup to be used are mammals due to the time of divergence from other group of organisms.
Explanation: Phylogeny is used to determine evolutionary relationship between items or organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a graphical illustration of phylogenetic relationship. In phylogeny, an outgroup represent an organism that is more distantly related to other group of organisms.
In a phylogenetic tree, outgroup stands alone. It shows that the time of divergence of that particular organism is far from other group of organisms. Outgroup is used to root a tree and sometimes represent a group that is more ancestral on a tree.
It should be noted that differences in the DNA sequences of the organisms under consideration will determine which organism will serve as the outgroup.
Yes, If there were no concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane, the ATP synthase would not be able to convert ADP to ATP.
Answer:
Mutualism
Explanation:
When the two different population species interact in such a manner that it is beneficial to each other, then this form of interaction is called mutualism.
I don’t know if this is a question but yes a controlled experiment allows you to isolate and test the hypothesis
Answer:
There is no correct answer.
Explanation:
Different circumstances regarding how you operate your company and what kind it is.
Also, with sole proprietorships, it may be hard to manage liabilities, as the owner is <em>personally</em><em> </em>responsible for any liabilities. It is also hard to procure funding for your company.
However, it is simple to incorporate and allows for high flexibility, which may be what you mean by "easiest type ... to start".
