The relationship between the church and the state towards the end of medieval times was chaotic. The pope and the monarchy were in constant power struggles. One such is example is the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. The conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII concerned the question of who got to appoint bishops and church officals. Henry believed that, as king, he had the right to appoint the bishops of the church. However, Pope Gregory VII denied these claims of power which set a of a power feud between the monarchy and papacy.
not sure if they're the right words specifically for your question but similar words should be correct either way, but I know New England colonies were the coldest. they were known to be cold and had similar climate to new England.
