Arteries are part of the circulatory system in the human
body that transports nutrients and oxygen to every cell of the body. It is also
a vessel that carries blood away from the heart and toward other organs and
tissues. If the smooth muscles in the arteries will be relaxed it decreases the
blood pressure.
The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP. Hope this helps!
Transpiration is the loss of water from stomata by the process of evaporation. It occurs by the process of diffusion and is driven by the concentration gradient of water vapor. The higher the concentration gradient between air and leaf cells, the higher is the rate of diffusion of water.
On a sunny day, the rate of transpiration is higher since air is less humid and the concentration of water inside the leaf is higher. On the other hand, the air is more humid on a rainy day. The increased water vapor content of air reduces the concentration gradient between air and leaf cells. The reduced concentration gradient decreases the rate of transpiration.
