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2 years ago

Is an atom matter? Explain

Biology

1 answer:

Korvikt [17]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

It´s a particle of matter. So, yeah kinda lol

Explanation:

atom, smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of chemistry.

An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines achemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons.

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3 years ago

Write a paragraph on testing probability

VashaNatasha [74]

Explanation:

Probabilities are described as ratios of favorable event outcome to the total number of event outcomes.

This is written as...

$P (E) =\frac{n(E)}{n(S)} \\$

where...

E= the number of times the event occurs

S= the number of trials

In biology experiments, hypotheses are formed based on research questions, and tested with the use of variables to provide a particular outcome. Statistics allows for testing data for consistency with the hypothesis, while statistical probability testing can be used in experiments to determine a range of outcomes, from genetic inheritance, evolutionary rates to theoretical experimental results.

In these statistical models, probability distributions are functions that give probabilities for certain event outcomes within an experiment (a set of trials). These may be either continuous, taking a value within a range of two numbers; or discrete, which may be either of two specified values. Discrete probability distributions list each value that a random variable may possibly take on.

Further Explanation:

For example, two types of probability distributions are employed in experimental biology:

Binomial distributions, which are discrete distributions, provide probability of a certain number of successful events for x a random variable, in a specific number of trials, n; here, the probability of success of an individual trial is constant at P and only one of two outcomes are possible- this is sampling with replacement.

where...

b(x; n, P)-the probability that an experiment of n trials results in x successes

nCx- the number of combinations of n things at r time

$b(x; n, P) = [ nCx ]* P^{x} * (1-P)^{n-x}\\$

<em>This is often used in determining potential outcomes before data collection.</em>

A type of continuous distribution, the student's t-test, compares standard deviations and means from two sets of samples or groups to check for significant differences between them.

$t= \frac{(x_{1} - x_{2}) }{\sqrt{(\frac{(S_{1}) ^{2} }{n1} }+ (\frac{(S_{2}) ^{2} }{n2 }}$

where...

x1 and s1 are the mean and standard deviation of sample 1 respectively
x2 and s2 are the mean and standard deviation of sample 1 respectively
n1 and n2 are sample sizes in samples 1 and 2 respectively

The null and alternate hypotheses typically theorize the likelihood and significance of certain event outcome probabilities. Critical values of t, along with degrees of freedom are used to determine a range of probable outcomes; probability or p- values along with this range, are used to determine whether either hypothesis is rejected or accepted.

<em>For instance, significant differences between an experimental control and a specific treatment group would show that these occurrences are not due to sampling errors or random chance...</em>

Learn more about calculating probability at brainly.com/question/4021035

Learn more about calculating event probability at brainly.com/question/6649771

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3 years ago

Discuss one of the major issues in toxicology from any perspective.

tangare [24]

A controversial issue of toxicology is the use of chemical additives in food.

Food additives are substances intentionally added to foods for the purpose of preserving, enhancing or modifying their physical, chemical, biological or sensory properties without impairing their nutritional value. However, it is necessary to control the use of these substances, as ingestion of these substances may pose health risks.

Additives are found in most processed foods, such as cookies, breakfast cereals, soft drinks, jellies, artificial juices, candies and a host of other foods in the diet of Brazilians, especially children.

Thus, its consumption should be controlled, as the health risk is confirmed by a sum of scientific studies. The three main ills associated with excessive consumption of these substances are cancer, food hypersensitivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Some audiences are even more vulnerable to consumption, such as pregnant women, the elderly, people with little food and children under three years. In the case of children the attention should be greater because the digestive and urinary systems are not yet fully prepared to process these substances.

The more industrialized the product, the more chemical additives it will have. The ideal is to prepare fresh products at home. However, as is often not possible, it is important that you read the label and choose the products with the least additives.

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