Answer:
c. User applications usually communicate directly with a device driver.
Explanation:
A software can be defined as a set of executable instructions (codes) or collection of data that is used typically to instruct a computer on how to perform a specific task and solve a particular problem. Thus, it's a computer program or application that comprises of sets of code for performing specific tasks on the system.
The four (4) input-output (I/O) software layers includes the following;
I. Interrupt drivers (handlers): it is responsible for handling interruptions that occur while using a software on a computer system.
II. Device drivers: it controls the input-output (I/O) devices that are connected to a computer system through a wired or wireless connection.
III. Device-independent OS software: it allows for uniform interfacing and buffering for device drivers.
IV. User level software: it provides user programs with a simple user interface to perform input and output functions.
An operating system is a system software pre-installed on a computing device to manage or control software application, computer hardware and user processes.
This ultimately implies that, an operating system acts as an interface or intermediary between the computer end user and the hardware portion of the computer system (computer hardware) in the processing and execution of instructions.
Hence, user (software) applications make a request to the operating system (OS) to use a device and then the operating system (OS) communicates with the device driver.
In conclusion, user applications do not communicate directly with a device driver.
The main verb is also called the lexical verb or the principal verb. This term refers to the important verb in the sentence, the one that typically shows the action or state of being of the subject. Main verbs can stand alone, or they can be used with a helping verb, also called an auxiliary verb.
Helping verbs do just what they sound like they do—they help! Different helping verbs help or support the main verb in different ways. For instance, they can show tense (which indicates when an action happened), ability, intention, or possibility. The primary helping verbs are to be, to do, and to have. To better understand how helping verbs support main verbs, consider the examples below:
I am driving to the beach.
Here, the auxiliary verb “am” (a form of to be) lets the reader or listener know that the main verb in the sentence—in this case, “driving”—is happening continuously in the present. Different forms of to be could be used as a helping verb to explain when the driving is occurring (e.g., was driving, will drive, or had been driving).
