Answer:
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There have be found some fossils of ancient remains over the years. What the fossils from Atapuerca revealed about the hominins living in Europe at this time is below:
- The Skull is known to show Interbreeding that took place with neandertals and their relatively healthy population.
- The Fragment shows that there was a possibility of cannibalism in that area.
It shows that possible cannibalism took place as there were Cutmarks on various hominin bones found at Atapuerca mirror.
The relatively healthy population was found out through the study of the dentition of the Atapuerca hominins by anthropologists. It gave them a view into their diet and overall health.
The interbreeding with the Neandertals was shown through the Nuclear DNA that was gotten from bones and teeth of bones found at Sima de los Huesos
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Answer:
a. Type O blood - No A or B antigens on RBCs-Anti-A antibodies in plasma-Anti-B antibodies in plasma
b. Type A blood - A antigen on RBCs- Anti-B antibodies in plasma
c. Type B blood - B antigen on RBCs- Anti-A antibodies in plasma
d. Type AB blood - A antigen on RBCs- B antigen on RBCs- Neither anti-A or anti-B in plasma
Explanation:
ABO blood grouping system represents multiple allelism which was discovered in humans by Karl Landsteiner. The blood group is determined by the presence or absence of A & B antigens and antibodies.
The 4 blood groups which exist in ABO system are O, A, B and AB. Also, allele A and B are co-dominant i.e. if they both will exist on the surface of an RBC then both will be equally expressed which implies that there will be no dominant or recessive allele.
Type O blood group has H antigen on the surface of RBC and has both the antibodies i.e. antibody A and B. The absence of antigens A and B makes it a universal donor.
Type A blood group has A antigen on RBC and has antibody B in the plasma.
Type B blood group has B antigen on RBC and has antibody A in the plasma.
Type AB blood group has both the antigens i.e. antigen A and B on RBC and does not have any antibody in the plasma which makes it a universal acceptor.
Make sure you are eye level with the meniscus of the liquid level, and measure to the bottom of the meniscus.