One way in which Kemal Atatürk of Turkey and <span>Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran are similar is that both leaders "(1) implemented programs to modernize their
nations"</span>
Legislation meant to segregate blacks and whites in a legal way.
As the US supreme court asked that as long as the blacks and white had equal fundings and that all conditions were the same, segregation can be seen as legal. However, this rarely happened, and it led to desegregation by force at the end. The Jim Crow Laws was the birth of this ruling, as it imposed "equal" but segregated laws (such as segregated laws for public transport, bathrooms, resteraunts, etc.) in much of the states.
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Answer: Mexico
Explanation: Mexico declared independence from Spain on September 16, 1810, 11 years before the other three countries listed
