The wavelengths of electrons are much shorter than those of light.
The oxygen atoms have a slight negative charge in water molecule and the hydrogen have silght positive charge.
Answer:
All four complexes pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix
Explanation:
What differs are the biochemical processed by which each complex pumps out the protons. Only ATP synthase pumps proton from the intermembrane space to the matrix. This is as it harnesses the proton motive force, created by the other complexes, to generate ATP molecules.