The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon created chiaroscuro by using black and white chalk on paper
<span> <span> A symphony is a symphony. Beethoven's 3rd and 5th symphonies certainly influenced other composers, but symphonic structure itself hasn't been redefined. Symphonie Fantastique is a symphony in name only; likewise the Rustic Wedding Symphony by Karl Goldmark - very pleasing music, but not really symphonic. César Franck included a cor anglais in his D minor symphony, and one critic remarked that it wasn't really a symphony *because* a cor anglais was included. Adding a chorus and/or vocal soloists doesn't alter symphonic form.
</span></span>
An ordered succession of adjacent pitches, arranged in a sequence of whole steps and half steps, for example the major or minor scales. A specific scale is defined by its characteristic interval pattern and by its most prominent pitch, known as its tonic.
