Answer: The answers are explained below.
Explanation:
• Cost of debt: The cost of debt is the interest rate that a company is charged on its debts. It is the interest paid on bonds, loans etc. The cost of debt is usually the before-tax cost of a debt.
• Cost of equity: The cost of equity is the return a firm pays to its equity investors e.g shareholders in order to reward them for the risk taken by investing their capital. Companies need capital to operate and grow hence, individuals and organizations who provide funds to such companies are rewarded.
• After tax WACC: The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a firm's combined cost of capital including preferred shares, common shares, and debt after the deduction of tax.
• Equity Beta: It measures the sensitivity of the stock price to changes in market. Equity Beta is also called levered beta.
• Asset beta: It is the beta of a firm without the effect of debt. It is a company's volatility of returns without its indebtedness.
• Pure play comparable: The pure play comparable is the taking of the beta estimate of another company that is comparable and in same line of business.
• Certainty equivalent: It is the guaranteed return that an individual would take now, rather than awaiting a higher but uncertain return later in the future.
<span>The goal of utility maximization is to allocate your resources in order to maximize your satisfaction.
Utility maximization is a concept which is used in the economics which explains that when a person is making a decision to purchase anything, he/she prefer to get the greatest value that is possible but at the least amount of money.
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Answer:
GDP is the value of the total production of final goods and services produced within a country (in this case Ireland), while Gross National Product (GNP), in this specific case, is the value of the total production of final goods and services produced by residents of the Ireland (individuals or businesses).
Since several corporations have international headquarters in Ireland due to special tax regimes, e.g. Apple, Microsoft, Google, Intel, Pfizer, FB, etc., and many of those corporations manage all their world trade (except local trade in the US) through those offices, they are very large and wealthy.
Answer:
The correct option is D
Explanation:
External cost is the form of an expense which occur while consuming or producing the goods and services that imposes the cost or expense ( with negative effect) on the third party.
If there are the external costs while consuming the good, then the social costs would be greater than the private cost.
So, the external cost is defined as the cost that is imposed without any compensation on someone other than the person who cause or incur it.
