Answer:
Grasp is the best synonym for clenched
I believe it is the Tigris-Euphrates river valley
India, China, and the Arabian peninsula take one hundred million during the decline of the Mughal Empire, several smaller states rose to... in 1739, Nader Shah, emperor of iran, defeated the Mughal army at the huge battle of Karnal. The British East India Company had been given permission by the Mughal.
The correct answer is D! The Portuguese American colonies were much more intellectually independent from the mother country!
