Merchant families that ruled Italian city-states established: B. their own armies.
In the Renaissance epoch, Italy was formed by many city-states with powerful people as the rulers. They were in conflict with each other quite often. That is why these cities had their own armies to protect their merchant, their political interests and their cultural influence in the region.
I think Arabia merchants would conduct trade over wider areas.
(1) Claimed that individual states have the right to interpret federal laws.
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Correct answer is B, but aren't there more answer choices? If so, its B, D, and E.
Hope this helps :,)))