Answer:
Top Down processing
Explanation:
When a person perceives things with respect to their knowledge of their environment this way of approaching a stimulus is known as Top Down processing.
Here, Maria was expecting to taste milk and she tasted orange juice. The carton was labelled as milk. Her previous experience was contradictory to her present experience.
This illustrates Top Down processing
The answer is self-esteem. Without thinking of any solution, Harry already marked that he would fail even if tries to prepare himself. He already set his mind that he would have poor results.
The other options are incorrect since social reality is irrelevant to his condition because he didn't even try to make an effort. Social comparison is also not the answer because he was not comparing his performance with others. Lastly, self-concept was not the answer because it all came from having a low self-esteem of himself.
