Answer:
B. The mutation results in a new, dominant allele
C. The mutation occurs in a gene that controls development and alters differentiation of a cell type during development.
D. The mutation occurs in a codon and alters the function of the final protein
Explanation:
All the above things will change the <u>ultimate expression</u> or phenotype by altering the proteins. Choices B, C, and D will all change the outer functioning.
Choice A only affects the rate of transcription, so it may go faster or slower, but the end product will be the same.
This part that doesn't look like it's one of the choices ("The mutation occurs in a portion of an intron not responsible for exon splicing.") would not affect phenotype, because introns are removed before the RNA is sent out.
Choice E says that the amino acid sequence is unchanged, meaning the protein final product will be the same and the expression will not change.
Species evolve independently possibly due to geographical isolations or behavioural isolations.
Geographical isolation includes the isolation of 2 groups of the same species. Since these 2 groups live in different locations, (e.g. a volcanic eruption resulting in a barrier between one side of an ocean and another side of the ocean), they will have different selection pressures in their different environments as well (e.g. one side of the ocean may have more sunlight and thus more underwater plantations than the other side of the ocean). Natural selection will eliminate those with disadvantageous characteristics (e.g. Fishes that only eat plants and nothing else on the side of the ocean with little plantations) with unfavourable alleles, and select for those with advantageous characteristics (e.g. Fishes are able to eat plants and other organic substances as well on the side of the ocean with little plantations) with favourable alleles.
Since the 2 groups have different selection pressures, natural selection will occur in different ways, selecting for and against different types of fishes with different types of alleles. Also, because of the barrier, they are not able to mate with each other, and there are no mixing of genes from one side of the ocean and the other side. They are genetically isolated. As genetic drift occurs over time, their gene pools become different from each other. Thus, they evolve independently.
Hope this helps! :)
<h2>Evolution of phylogenies </h2>
Explanation:
- The genome of the endosymbiont is all the more firmly identified with individuals from the gathering in which it initially developed, while the nuclear genome of the inundating living being has its own evolutionary trajectory.
- The accumulation of various inheritable attributes after some time which prompted the arrangement of another species
- Nuclear and organellar genes advanced at various rates, clouding developmental connections.
- Some mitochondrial genomes have been decreased definitely in size, losing a large number of the protein genes encoded in creature mtDNA just as a few or all mtDNA-encoded tRNA genes.
- At ∼6 kb in size, the mitochondrial genome of Plasmodium falciparum (human intestinal sickness parasite) and related apicomplexans is the littlest known, harboring just three protein genes, profoundly divided and improved little subunit (SSU) and enormous subunit (LSU) rRNA genes, and no tRNA genes.
- In stamped differentiate, inside land plants, mtDNA has extended generously in size (>200 kb) if not in coding limit, with the biggest known mitochondrial genome right now.
<span>After a long time, a mature community is established and this community does not change unless it is disturbed.</span>
