Answer:
This question is incomplete as it lacks the model, however, it can be answered based on general understanding of photosynthetic process. The answer is;
d. Light is the energy source for converting ADP to ATP, and NADP+ to NADPH.
Explanation:
Light dependent reaction, which is the first stage of photosynthesis, occurs specifically in the THYLAKOID of the CHLOROPLAST where the photons of light is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules (photosynthetic pigment). The light energy that hits the chlorophyll makes it excited, hence, providing the energy to produce ATP from ADP and NADPH from NADP+.
These products are pivotal in the next stage of photosynthesis (light independent stage). Hence, light plays a very crucial role in photosynthesis and the most useful way for communicating the role is by saying it provides the energy source for converting ADP to ATP, and NADP+ to NADPH.
Answer: Phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs
Explanation:
TLRs or Toll-like receptors, are a family of proteins that are part of the innate immune system. TLRs are transmembranous and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are groups of chemical characteristics common to certain types of pathogens. Patterns detected by TLRs include lipopolysaccharide, a compound found on the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria, and double-stranded RNA, which is an integral part of the life cycles of many viruses. These PAMPs are generally important for the survival of the pathogen, so they are well preserved. <u>Activation of these receptors induces inflammatory responses in leukocytes of myeloid lineage, signaling via NF-κB, which is a transcription factor that activates pro-inflammatory genes</u>. Activated TLRs also increase the production of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 and CD40. These proteins, expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the activation of T-lymphocytes by dentritic cells and macrophages already showing antigens in their MHC type II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex, they participate in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes)
<u>In addition, TLR-mediated signaling on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) plays an important role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses</u>.
Answer:
b. hibernation to lower metabolism in the winter
Explanation:
Tundra, besides the one I live in apparently, are very, very dry because of the cold. This means that it may be helpful to hibernate for the part of the year where it is even too cold for plants and other animals.
The association of a DNA or RNA strand to its complement is one of the basic research tools of the molecular biologist. Binding of a compliment can identify target regions of DNA or RNA, and can be used to disrupt the process of DNA manufacture. If the complementary DNA is labeled with a compound that fluoresces, then the binding of the fluorescent probe can actually be visualized using a microscope<span>. This permits the "real time" examination of </span>DNA synthesis.<span>
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Answer:
Explanation:
very great at the morning but now i am bored..
no positive things happened till now
the internet is disturbing ang irritating me i can't completing my work.
