Answer:
Some entities will follow a top-down mandatedapproach to budgeting. These budgets will begin with upper-level management establishing parameters under which the budget is to be prepared. These parameters can be general or specific. They can cover sales goals, expenditure levels, guidelines for compensation, and more. Lower-level personnel have very little input in setting the overall goals of the organization.
Explanation:
B. H0 : There is no association between race and the section of the apartment complex.
H A: There is an association between race and the section of the apartment complex.
Find the χ2 statistic
Solution
The formula for calculating χ2 statistic is given by ;
χ2∗ =∑(Oi−Ei)2/Ei, where Oi and Ei is the i^th observation and the i^th expected count
From the given data calculated the expected count using the formula; E = (row total *column total)/sample size
χ2 = 7.104439336,
χ2 = 7.104 (rounded to 3 decimal .places)
The P-value is;
Degrees of freedom = (2-1)*(2-1) = 1, χ2 = 7.1044
P-value from chi-square calculator is 0.007689
The net present value of the proposed project is closest to -$80,822.
Since the project saves $80,000 in costs each year, we treat these savings income for the next 4 years. We then calculate the Present value Interest Factor of an annuity using the formula :
PVIF of an annuity = { [ 1 - [ (1+r)⁻ⁿ ] } ÷ r
PVIF of an annuity = { [ 1 - [ (1.09)⁻⁴ ] } ÷ 0.09
PVIF of an annuity = 3.240 (rounded to three decimals)
PV of the cost savings = (3.240*80000) = $2,59,178 (rounded to nearest $)
NPV = PV of cost savings - Value of investment
NPV = 2,59,178
- 3,40,000
Explanation:
1) Famous celebrities and the people with lots of money are often seen with workers round them for their household chores/tasks. Although they are paying money for the work they could have done by themselves but if we analyze closely, they are actually taking advantage of the opportunity cost. The time when they were suppose to do the household work, now they are performing other task in that time which will be giving them much greater economic benefit, taking advantage of the concept of opportunity cost. For example, Cristiano Ronaldo can focus on his workout and daily exercise instead of making daily meals for himself, so he should have hired someone to do the meal work for him while he perform his workout which will help him on the field and will earn him much money.
2) Yes, it is possible for 2 countries to benefit from trade as a whole because they can get into an agreement by allowing free trade between the countries, for example, both the countries could agree that all the trade which will be executed between them would be tax free and no duties will be paid on them. This way the trade numbers would increase and industrialization would take place to meet the export/import orders. On the contrary, trading individually can be not so beneficial because there will be no free trade agreements between individuals i.e. no free lunches, that is why it could cost individuals much more than they can make money out of it.
3) One of the main reasons to oppose policies that restrict trade among the nations is that GDP. GDP is a measure of growth in any country, therefore when there will be no trade among countries, it would result in less productions of goods and services which which lead to less industrialization, which then will result to low employment and more unemployment, ultimately resulting in very low growth for any country and since growth is the only way forward for any nation, economists oppose policies that restrict trade among countries/nations.
I hope this detailed answer of mine help the poster.
Thank You and Good Luck.
Answer:
1.37 - 1.90
Explanation:
Really hard to say a exact number but here's and idea.
