Answer:
Option number #2
Explanation:
Hey, Ace here!
I'm not the best to consult for law, but here are my thoughts on the proceedings.
For option 1: we can rule that out as an option because the officer can clearly see the person is smoking an illegal substance.
For option 2: A police officer can view anything which any member of the public can view from a public vantage point. For example, if the police goes to the front door of a house, and can see the interior of the building, that's fair game. But if the officer starts going around the house to peek into the windows, that is not fair game. In this case, the officer climbed through the fire escape—a place that can't be viewed from a public vantage point—to look into your window.
For option 3: I believe there is probable cause to ask to inspect the car. If there is a cloud of smoke in a car, the reason for it is pretty limited. Either there is a malfunction in the car causing it to smoke up, or someone is smoking in there. Seeing the inside of the car is also from the public vantage point, so that's why I think this would be okay.
For option 4: if someone has an unregistered gun in their hands, there's probable cause for the police officer to ask for a license and permit.
Again, I'm not 100% familiar with law, but from the hours of research I have done on the 4th amendment, and from pure logic, this is what I conclude.
Hope this was helpful, let me know if you have any questions.
