Yes they often slowed work
It would be "b. Accusation of treason against Louis XVI" that was not one of the causes of the French Revolution of 1789, since in fact it was Louis XIV who was ruling France at the time.
Judicial Branch is where the interpret laws and constitution
The federalist paper is to persuade the states to create a new constitution where a federal government is established. After the American Revolution, the government have less power compared to the state government. To further unite the country, Hamilton and Madison (and others too) wrote the federalist paper to persuade Americans that a strong centralized government is needed. With a federal government, nationality is created. States agreed, but they want some states/human rights included in the constitution. Thus the Bill of Rights were created.