A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth.
If you do not gain enough nutrients, a nutritional deficiency occurs (when the body doesn't absorb or get from food the necessary amount of a nutrient). Deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems. These can include digestion problems, skin disorders, stunted or defective bone growth, and even dementia.
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The cell cycle is the replication and reproduction of cells, whether in eukaryotes or prokaryotes. It is important to organisms in alot of ways, but overall it allows them to survive.
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As per the survey results, other issues, such as unfair treatment, abuse, harassment at work, lack of good-paying jobs and unequal pay also emerged among the top problems in various regions of the world.
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a. The genotype of a homozygous white eyed long winged female would be Vg+Vg+XrXr. We denote the white allele as recessive (r) because the XY male only has one copy and yet has red eyes, so the red eye trait (R) must be dominant. A homozygous red eyed vestigial winged male would have be VgVgXRY. The possible gametes for the female are Vg+Xr only. For the male, the possible gametes are VgXR or VgY
The attached punnett square shows the results of the cross. The females will all be Vg+VgXRXr. The males will all be Vg+VgXRY (must inherit Y from father). That means they will all have normal length wings, the males will have white eyes and the females will have red eyes.
b. The F2 flies arise from intercrossing the F1, so the cross will be Vg+VgXRXr x Vg+VgXRY. The possible gametes for the mother are: Vg+XR, Vg+Xr, VgXR or VgXr. The possible gametes for the father are Vg+Xr
, Vg+Y
, VgXr
, VgY
. The attached punnet square shows this cross. The ratio of the phenotypes will be 6:6:2:2, or 3:3:1:1 (long-winged red eye: long-winged white eye: vestigial wing red eye: vestigial wing white eye), genotypes shown in the attachment.
c. F1 cross back to the mother would be Vg+VgXRY x Vg+Vg+XrXr. The genotypes are shown in the attached punnet square. The offspring will all be long-winged with white eyes. The F1 to the father would be Vg+VgXRXr x VgVgXRY. The ratio would be 3:3:1:1 long-winged red eye: long-winged white eye: vestigial wing red eye: vestigial wing white eye
Relative dating concerns the dating of fossils by using stratum (layers in the rock) to find the estimated age.
Absolute dating is finding the age of a fossil by using radiometric methods, such as fluorine dating or half-life dating; which is more accurate than relative dating.
