Answer:
Electrical gradient.
Explanation:
Ions DO NOT move in Ion channels by simple diffusion because most ion channels can be:
I) selective of ions pass through it.
II) operating on a "open and close" principle. Where it opens or close on its own accord OR does so ONLY when induced by a specific influence like change in voltage of ion channels.
IN ADDITION to the concentration gradient, ELECTRICAL GRADIENTS (change in membrane voltage) affects the movement of ions through ion channels
If the image contains life forms and living things, then it is the biosphere.
If the image contains frozen water bodies, such as the arctic tundra, it is the cryosphere.
If the image contains soil and other solid abiotic components of the Earth, then it is the geosphere.
If the image contains water in the liquid form, then it is the hydrosphere.
Ionic bond is a compound made up of a meta and a non-metal eg NaCl (sodium chloride)
covalent bond is made up of two non-metals eg H2O (water)
The starting molecule is ATP
