Answer:
ATP synthase utilizes energy of the proton gradient to attach phosphate groups to ADP.
Explanation:
ATP synthase is an enzyme that requires some form of energy to form energy storing molecule ATP, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Because of that, ATP synthesis is coupled with cellular respiration and electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the mitochondrial membrane during the transport of electrons through the electron transport chain. In plants, proton gradient is formed in chloroplast, in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane.
Answer:
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Stomata allow for gas exchange on a leaf.
xylem and phloem are tissues that transport water and food throughout the plant.
pollen tubes transport the sperm to the egg.
A missense mutation is a mistake in the DNA which results in the wrong amino acid being incorporated into a protein because of change, that single DNA sequence change, results in a different amino acid codon which the ribosome recognizes.
Answer:
a) A beaker filled with 1 liter of deionized water? - water will flow into the bag so its volume will increase. The solution is <u>hypotonic</u>
b) A beaker filled with 1 liter of 10% sucrose solution? - water will flow out of the bag so its volume will reduce. The solution is <u>hypertonic</u>
c) A beaker filled with 1 liter of 2% sucrose solution - the volume of water in the bag will stay the same as the two solutions are in equilibrium. The solution is <u>isotonic</u>
Explanation:
Water moves by osmosis through a semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis describes the simple diffusion of water molecules.
Water molecules will move from a high concentration to a low concentration.
- If the bag of 2% sucrose solution is placed in a beaker of deionized water, the concentration of water in the deionized water is in the beaker higher than in the bag (because the water in the bag contains 2% sucrose). Therefore, the water in the beaker will move from a high concentration outside the bag to a lower concentration inside the bag
- If the bag of 2% sucrose solution is placed in a beaker of 10% sucrose solution, the concentration of water in the bag is higher than in the beaker (because there is more sucrose in the beaker). Therefore, the water in the bag will move from a higher concentration inside the bag to a lower concentration outside the bag.
- When the concentration of water is equal, the movment of water molecules reaches an equilibrium and there will be no change in the volume of water in the bag
