The mammalian tail and the human coccyx, the leaves of pitcher plants and cacti, are homologous organs while, the flippers of penguins and dolphins, as well as the shells of turtles and crabs are analogous structures.
<h3>What are homologous organs?</h3>
Homologous organs are those that are similar in structure but operate differently. They resulted from divergent evolution.
Divergent evolution occurs when species are closely connected to the same ancestors but develop similar structures that perform different tasks in different environments.
Analogous Organs are organs from various creatures that, despite their appearance, perform the same function.
In the given case, the mammalian tail and coccyx, as well as the leaves of pitcher plants and cacti, are homologous organs, whereas penguin and dolphin flippers, as well as turtle and crab shells, are analogous structures.
Thus, these are the different instances of homologous and analogous organs.
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Answer:
The problem: Under Martian gravity, the soil can hold more water than on Earth, and water and nutrients within the soil would drain away more slowly. Some conditions would make it difficult for plants to grow on Mars. For example, Mars's extremely cold temperatures make life difficult to sustain.
Scientists have conducted plant experiments simulating Martian conditions using volcanic soil in Hawaii, which is known for its similarity to Martian soil. These experiments found that plants can actually grow in these soils.
There are other aspects future Mars explorers will need to consider when growing plants on that planet. As mentioned earlier, Mars’s atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, and plants need this gas just as much as we need oxygen to breathe.
Earth could not have supported the lives or humans and other living things. There was no oxygen in the atmosphere, and Earth's surface was extremely hot
Answer: Attached below is the missing part of your question
answer
Mutant A
<em>1) Requires tryptophan in the growth medium or from a donor mutant </em>
<em>2) Must form nanotubes to obtain it's required amino acid in this scenario:</em>
Mutant B
<em>1) Requires histidine in the growth medium or from a donor mutant </em>
<em>2) Does not need to form nanotubes to obtain it's required amino acid in this scenario:</em>
Explanation:
<u>Mutant A ( Over produces His and cannot produce Trp ) </u>
1) Requires tryptophan in the growth medium or from a donor mutant ; This is because the Mutant is an auxotroph for tryptophan.
2) Must form nanotubes to obtain it's required amino acid in this scenario:
This is because growth medium of the mutant is supplemented with histidine
<u>Mutant B ( cannot produce His and overproduces Trp </u>)
1) Requires histidine in the growth medium or from a donor mutant :
This is because Mutant B lacks the biosynthetic pathways necessary for histidine production
2) Does not need to form nanotubes to obtain it's required amino acid in this scenario: because the Mutant cell can easily take up the required amount of Histidine from its surroundings.
If I assume that random segregation of chromosomes takes place during spermatogenesis and all sperms are viable then I will take the male through meiosis.
The three chromosomes are +, +, ey
Then you double them into sister chromatids which is ++, ++, eyes.
If I consider all possible alignments during metaphase as, the three homologous pairs and gather at the metaphase plate.
Remember that any two of the three pairs will join together and odd pair out will line up at the metaphase plate with no partner pair.
There are three different arrangements which are possible for the three homologous pairs.
Two of the three possible arrangements will segregate and make two sperm with +ey and two sperm with +. The other arrangement will segregate and make two sperm with ++ and two sperm with ey.
When meiosis is being done, then the sperm genotypes and their proportions are,
1/3+ey, 1/3+, 1/6++, 1/6ey
