Scientific validity is the applicability of a conclusion drawn in the context of a scientific experiment to the world at large.
Answer:
Researchers initially built up the geologic time scale by considering rock layers and record fossils around the world. With this data, researchers put in Earth's stone layers in request by relative age. Afterward, radioactive dating decided the supreme age of the divisions in the geologic time scale.
Yes it dose because you will notice during the winter it's more dark and
cloudy and changes through the seasons
Answer: The correct answer is -
D. Eukarya has similar evolutionary traits to archaea.
A phylogenetic tree (also known as evolutionary tree) is a diagrammatic representation (in the form of branch diagram) showing the evolutionary relationships among various organisms. It is constructed on the basis of similarities or differences in the genetic or physical characteristics of various species.
In the given phylogenetic tree, archaea domain shows more similarities to the domain eukarya as it has descended after the domain bacteria.
Thus, option D) is the right answer.
Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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