Answer:
Famine
Explanation:
It is famine because a famine is defined as "extreme scarcity of food."
Insulin undergoes extensive posttranslational modification along the production pathway.
Dependent would be amount of colds.
Controlled would be amount of vitamin C taken.
Independent could be the fact that vitamin C will be taken daily.
I believe it's called a sex-linked trait, if I'm remembering correctly. This is because men do not have an X chromosome, therefore it would be linked to females.
A variable that is held constant in order to assess or clarify the relationship
