Answer:
The correct option is B. The gastric phase
Explanation:
Digestion : the process of breakdown of complex molecules of food into simpler molecules which can be easily absorbed into the blood plasma.
The different phases of digestion are: the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase.
The gastric phase of digestion is associated with stretching of stomach in the presence of food, decrease in pH, activation of the myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.
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According to the article, punishing behaviors is less effective and results in less accurate learning than reinforcement, as shown in option D.
We can arrive at this answer because:
- Thorndike proved that punishing behavior in situations of stress is less effective in learning.
- He proved this by watching cats trying to escape puzzle boxes.
- When they became stressed, the cats screamed, bit, scratched and were punished without getting out of the box.
- This added to the stress and made them take even longer to escape.
- However, as they began to think about how they could get out of the box, the cats were receiving positive rewards and reinforcement, which was gratifying and encouraged them to find their way out.
In this case, Thorndike realized that punishment was not very effective in a stressful situation, at least when compared to reinforcement.
More information about reinforcement and punishments at the link:
brainly.com/question/15869859
Answer:
The answer to the question: The movement of ions through their channels require a discharge of the capacitance, is, true.
Explanation:
In order for cells, muscular and neuronal, to perform their activities, they need to generate action potentials, that will permit these activities. In order for an action potential to happen, a cell´s membrance must be charged, or rather, its polarity must be changed, so that the cell can be charged and then fire. Usually, cells remain in a resting membrane state, in which, the extracellular matrix remains positive, while the intracellular space remains positive, due to ion, and anion presence in either. In order for the action potential to happen, these polarities are reversed through a series of steps in which ions, particularly potassium and sodium, sometimes calcium, will enter and exit the cell´s membrane to change this polarity. But in order for this process to take place, first a current, or stimulation, must motivate the cell to start the process. The capacitance is the capability of a cell to be ready to be activated or de-activated when stimulated, meaning, to be charged and discharged, when necessary. In order for this capacitance to permit the process of action potential formation, it needs to be discharged first, and this is done through the stimulus, which orders the cell´s membrane to initiate depolarization by opening up the ion channels. This is why the answer is true.
A 4 year old has been prescribed an anticholinergic medication. The nurse should instruction the parents to monitor and report changes in his urinary output.
Anticholinergics are drugs that block and inhibit the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
In doing so, these drugs inhibit activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (the "rest and digest" function of the autonomic nervous system) through selective blockade that binds ACh to its receptors in neurons.
Functions under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system include involuntary actions of smooth muscles located in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, urinary tract, and other areas of the body.
In general, anticholinergics can be divided into two categories based on their specific targets at the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as at neuromuscular junctions. These two types are antimuscarinics and antinicotinics.
Learn more about Anticholinergics here : brainly.com/question/3786100
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