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soldi70 [24.7K]
2 years ago
10

An electronics store sells a laptop for p. During the sales period, the shopkeeper offers a 30% discount on the initial price. A

few days after the end of the sales, the shopkeeper starts the «Out of All» campaign to free the warehouse from inventories and applies an additional 20% discount. to. Express the final price of the computer as a fraction of p and verify that it is greater than 50% of the initial price. b. Knowing that the final price is € 448, it determines the initial price p and the amount of the first discount applied.​
Mathematics
1 answer:
drek231 [11]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

  • See below

Step-by-step explanation:

a)

Initial price is p.

<u>30% discounted price:</u>

  • p - 30% =
  • p*(1 - 0.3) =
  • 0.7p

<u>Price after 20% discount:</u>

  • 0.7p - 20% =
  • 0.7p*(1 - 0.2) =
  • 0.7p*0.8 =
  • 0.56p

This is greater than the 50% which is 0.5p

b)

<u>If the final price is € 448, the initial price is:</u>

  • 0.56p = €448
  • p = €448/0.56
  • p = €800

<u>The amount of first discount is 30% of € 800:</u>

  • 0.3*€800 =
  • €240
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This statement can be proven by contradiction for n \in \mathbb{N} (including the case where n = 0.)

\text{Let $n \in \mathbb{N}$ be a perfect square}.

\textbf{Case 1.} ~ \text{n = 0}:

\text{$n + 2 = 2$, which isn't a perfect square}.

\text{Claim verified for $n = 0$}.

\textbf{Case 2.} ~ \text{$n \in \mathbb{N}$ and $n \ne 0$. Hence $n \ge 1$}.

\text{Assume that $n$ is a perfect square}.

\text{$\iff$ $\exists$ $a \in \mathbb{N}$ s.t. $a^2 = n$}.

\text{Assume $\textit{by contradiction}$ that $(n + 2)$ is a perfect square}.

\text{$\iff$ $\exists$ $b \in \mathbb{N}$ s.t. $b^2 = n + 2$}.

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\text{$a,\, b \in \mathbb{N} \subset \mathbb{Z}$ $\implies b - a = b + (- a) \in \mathbb{Z}$}.

\text{$b > a \implies b - a > 0$. Therefore, $b - a \ge 1$}.

\text{$\implies b \ge a + 1$}.

\text{$\implies n+ 2 = b^2 \ge (a + 1)^2= a^2 + 2\, a + 1 = n + 2\, a + 1$}.

\text{$\iff 1 \ge 2\,a $}.

\text{$\displaystyle \iff a \le \frac{1}{2}$}.

\text{Contradiction (with the assumption that $a \ge 1$)}.

\text{Hence the original claim is verified for $n \in \mathbb{N}\backslash\{0\}$}.

\text{Hence the claim is true for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$}.

Step-by-step explanation:

Assume that the natural number n \in \mathbb{N} is a perfect square. Then, (by the definition of perfect squares) there should exist a natural number a (a \in \mathbb{N}) such that a^2 = n.

Assume by contradiction that n + 2 is indeed a perfect square. Then there should exist another natural number b \in \mathbb{N} such that b^2 = (n + 2).

Note, that since (n + 2) > n \ge 0, \sqrt{n + 2} > \sqrt{n}. Since b = \sqrt{n + 2} while a = \sqrt{n}, one can conclude that b > a.

Keep in mind that both a and b are natural numbers. The minimum separation between two natural numbers is 1. In other words, if b > a, then it must be true that b \ge a + 1.

Take the square of both sides, and the inequality should still be true. (To do so, start by multiplying both sides by (a + 1) and use the fact that b \ge a + 1 to make the left-hand side b^2.)

b^2 \ge (a + 1)^2.

Expand the right-hand side using the binomial theorem:

(a + 1)^2 = a^2 + 2\,a + 1.

b^2 \ge a^2 + 2\,a + 1.

However, recall that it was assumed that a^2 = n and b^2 = n + 2. Therefore,

\underbrace{b^2}_{=n + 2)} \ge \underbrace{a^2}_{=n} + 2\,a + 1.

n + 2 \ge n + 2\, a + 1.

Subtract n + 1 from both sides of the inequality:

1 \ge 2\, a.

\displaystyle a \le \frac{1}{2} = 0.5.

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Since a could be equal 0, there's not yet a valid contradiction. To produce the contradiction and complete the proof, it would be necessary to show that a = 0 just won't work as in the assumption.

If indeed a = 0, then n = a^2 = 0. n + 2 = 2, which isn't a perfect square. That contradicts the assumption that if n = 0 is a perfect square, n + 2 = 2 would be a perfect square. Hence, by contradiction, one can conclude that

\text{if $n$ is a perfect square, then $n + 2$ is not a perfect square.}.

Note that to produce a more well-rounded proof, it would likely be helpful to go back to the beginning of the proof, and show that n \ne 0. Then one can assume without loss of generality that n \ne 0. In that case, the fact that \displaystyle a \le \frac{1}{2} is good enough to count as a contradiction.

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