The answer is b. all of her sons will inherit the allele for hemophilia.
Hemophilia is X-linked recessive disorder. It is known that there are two X chromosomes (one from a mother and one from a father) in females and one X chromosome (from the mother) and one Y chromosomes (from the father) in males. In females, X-linked recessive disorder has the same pattern of inheritance as an autosomal recessive disorder.So, if xh is recessive and xH is dominant allele, a mother which has xhxh genotype has the condition (so, c is not the right answer). Further, if a father has no condition, thus his genotype is xHy, their daughters will be carriers but without the condition (so, the choice a could be right only if we know that the father has hemophilia too (xhy). Therefore, since the mother (xhxh) will give her x chromosome to her sons, they will all inherit the allele for hemophilia, and choice b. is the right answer.
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Explanation:
A single nucleotide-pair substitution missense mutation causes a change of a single amino acid into another. Aa a result, the produced protein will have an almost normal sequence except for one amino acid.
On the other hand, a frameshift mutation changes the Open Reading Frame (ORF) of the ribosome. The ribosome moves along the mRNA every three nucleotides (codons) and translates them into amino acids that will form the nascent protein. If there is a frameshift mutation (an insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides not multiple of three) the ribosome will "read" the mRNA differently and will identify different codons than the wild-type sequence, so a large number of amino acids will be different in the mutated protein.
In the living adult human, the esophagus is about 25 centimeters long, and most of its length is within the thorax, directly anterior to the vertebral bodies.
<h3>What is the esophagus?</h3>
The esophagus is a like-tubular structure of the digestive system that serves to transport foods during digestion.
The esophagus is composed of muscular walls that link the pharynx structure with the stomach in the digestive system.
Moreover, the vertebral bodies are thick segment (bone) structures of the skeletal system.
Learn more about the esophagus here:
brainly.com/question/1284374
Molecules that have partially charged positive and negative areas are polar. Because water molecules are polar, water can dissolve many other polar substances. Water can also dissolve ionic compounds such as table salt.
The double layered sac surrounding the heart is the pericardium