Question

Gloria works as a freelance software developer with Ticki-Tacker Limited, a social media firm based in the city of London. She has two options for the purpose of personal income tax assessment. She may be added to the payroll of Ticki-Tacker Limited under the PAYE system or allowed to be treated as a self-employed individual. OPTION 1: Gloria under the PAYE system She will be placed on an annual salary of £50,000, and she would be required travel to work from Mondays to Fridays throughout the year via train, except for four weeks in a year when she will be on annual leave. The annual train ticket costs £2,400. OPTION 2: Gloria as a self-employed Gloria is allowed to invoice Ticki-Tacker Limited, an annual fee of £50,000. This work involves travelling to clients’ offices for a total of 5,200 miles annually in her own car. This is estimated to cost 39p/mile. Assume that Gloria’s annual accounts cover April 2020 to March 2021. REQUIRED: a. Calculate the relevant income tax and National Insurance Contribution liability under each of the two options identified. b. Calculate the disposable income (after all deductions) under the two options identified. c. Apart from (a) and (b) above, analyse any other factors that you think Gloria may take into consideration (from a taxation perspective) in arriving at the best option.

Answer 1

a. The relevant income tax and National Insurance Contribution liability are as follows:

                                                     PAYE System   Self-Employed

Income tax (20%)                             (£8,378)                £8,731

National Insurance Contribution      (5,712)                (4,317)

Total income tax and NIC liability  £14,090             £13,048

b. The disposable income after all known deductions under the two options are:

                                                  PAYE System   Self-Employed

Disposable income                       £33,510             £34,924

c. The other allowable deductions will need to be taken into consideration so that Gloria can arrive at the best option.

Data and Calculations:

                                                    PAYE System   Self-Employed

Earnings per year                            £50,000          £50,000

Allowable expenses:

Travel expenses                                (2,400)              (2,028) (£0.39 x 5,200)

Net Earnings                                   £47,600             £47,972

National Insurance Contribution     (5,712)               (4,317)

                                                (£47,600 x 12%)       (£47,972 x 9%)

Taxable income                              £41,888             £43,655

Income tax (20%)                            (£8,378)               £8,731

Disposable income                        £33,510             £34,924

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