Poverty
Natural Disasters
Disease
John Smith is credited with saving the Jamestown settlement. He was the one who told the story that he was saved by the daughter of the Powhatan chief, Pocahantas.
No, despite Chamberlain's attempts at appeasement his failure to condemn and punish Hitler's consistent violations of the Treaty of Versaille somewhat encouraged it. Not only did his following grow with each shackle broken but so did his means of being able to wage a war as he was allowed to rebuild his military unopposed.