<span>Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith.
Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day.
Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy.
Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan.
<span>Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca</span></span>
B.) 1898, during the Spanish- American war.
Jim Crow Laws is the answer.