Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer:
For example, an atom with 6 of 8 electrons in its outer shell will try to gain 2 electrons so its outer shell is full. Ionic bonding occurs when one element donates an electron (or electrons) to another so that both elements will have a full outer shell. As the attractions bring the atoms together, electrons from each atom are attracted to the nucleus of both atoms, which “share” the electrons. The sharing of electrons between atoms is called a covalent bond, which holds the atoms together as a molecule.
Explanation:
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The main components are the blood cells such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. The other components represent additional information about these cells including their size, color, function, and maturity.
Answer:
In interphase cell grow in size, DNA and protein synthesis takes place.
Explanation:
Interphase is the longest phase in the cell cycle and contain three sub phases and one checkpoint at the end of every checkpoint.
G₁ phase: In this phase the size of the cell increases and nearly becomes double, the raw material for DNA synthesis is synthesised e.g: mRNA and proteins(histone).
S phase: In synthesis phase replication of DNA takes place and amount of DNA become double so that it can be evenly distributed between daughter cells.
G₂ phase: In this phase cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins. cell prepare itself to move in mitotic phase so it can divide.
The correct answer for this question is Osmosis.
Osmotic diuresis is an increase in urine production brought on by the presence of specific chemicals in the tiny kidney tubes. When chemicals like glucose enter the kidney tubules and cannot be reabsorbed, excretion takes place (due to a pathological state or the normal nature of the substance). The compounds raise the osmotic pressure inside the tubule, which causes water to be retained in the lumen and inhibits water absorption, boosting urine production (i.e., diuresis). Therapeutics like mannitol, which is used to improve urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume, have the similar effect.
By making the blood more osmolar, substances in the circulation can also increase the volume of fluid flowing through the body.
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