Nearly 40 countries ended aboveground nuclear tests.
While historically, <u>pseudoscientific </u>theories of race were preferred, modern explanations of race mostly focus on <u>cultural elements</u>.
A race is a division of people into social or physical groupings that are typically seen as separate within a particular civilization. The 1500s saw the phrase become widely used to describe a variety of social groupings, particularly those distinguished by deep familial ties.
The phrase first applied to bodily (phenotypical) characteristics in the 17th century, and then to national loyalties. According to contemporary research, race is a social construct, an identity that is determined by socially constructed standards. Race does not have a physical or biological significance that is intrinsic, while being partially based on physical similarities between groups.
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Answer:
A. the refusal of southern states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment
Explanation:
Towards the American Civil war that lasted between 1861 to 1865. There was constant tension between the federal government and the Southern colonies on the issue of slavery.
Hence, given that thirteen amendments were about slavery abolition and which was not ratified by the south.
Therefore, the fight for the balance of power which is influenced by the issue of slavery led to the federal government's decision to divide the South in this way.
Practice of formalized , polytheistic religion
Its basic cause was a dynastic quarrel that originated when the conquest of England by William of Normandy created a state lying on both sides of the English Channel. In the 14th cent. the English kings held the duchy of Guienne in France; they resented paying homage to the French kings, and they feared the increasing control exerted by the French crown over its great feudal vassals. The immediate causes of the Hundred Years War were the dissatisfaction of Edward III of England with the nonfulfillment by Philip VI of France of his pledges to restore a part of Guienne taken by Charles IV; the English attempts to control Flanders, an important market for English wool and a source of cloth; and Philip's support of Scotland against England.
