Answer:
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Explanation:
The innate immune response is the non-specific immune response and serves to provide an immediate and general immune response. The adaptive immune responses are the specific immune responses. Adaptive immune responses include cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.
Cell-mediated immunity includes T cells (cytotoxic and helper T cells) while antibody-mediated immunity includes the production of antibodies from B cells. Binding of antigen to B cells is followed by their transformation into plasma cells and produce antibodies. Some of the activated B cells form memory B cells that are responsible for quicker and strong secondary immune responses.
It's the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development.
Answer: etiolation of plant growth in shade, with fast growing cell without chloroplasts. Out of shade, cell differentiate again to produce photosynthesising cells
Explanation: It is a subjective decision as to what is ‘best’. Good examples are plant responses to changes in the nutrient supply.
when soil nitrogen is depleted some plants, such as legumes, grow nodules on their roots, with cells that release chemical signals to attract nitogen fixing bacteria.
Lack of light induces etiolation in many plants. New cells elongate and develop without chloroplasts, with rapid cell division exhibiting gravitropism, extending upward. When they grow beyond the shade area, cell differentiation changes again, to produce photosynthesising cells.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids and all share five basic parts namely-
1. a central carbon atom
2. a hydrogen atom
3. an amino group
4. a carboxyl group
5. an R - group or side chain.
The R - group or side chain is what makes each amino acid unique.
There are two categories of amino acids:
1. essential amino acids - these are necessary for growth and maintenance of the body but cannot be produced by the body itself.
2.non essential amino acids - these can be synthesized by the body itself.
Answer:
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