Answer:
The ATP synthase can be thought of as a type of molecule motor that is powered by the flow of __H+_ through the subunits and __down_ their concentration gradient.
Explanation:
There are two steps for the synthesis of carbohydrates in plants; one is light reaction and other is dark reaction. In light reaction the ATP and NADPH are produced from sunlight and these molecules are utilized for combining the carbon molecules in dark reaction.
Before we discuss chemiosmosis (Mechanism of ATP production) we should know that light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. During the light reaction electrons removed from water are excited by light in photosystem I and photosystem II. These excited electron release the energy while traveling down the electron transport chain which is utilized to pump the H+ ions to stroma from lumen. This build a concentration difference of H+ ions across the membrane.
So when these H+ ions flow from stroma to lumen i.e. higher potential to lower potential they passes through ATP synthase complex. ATP synthase produces the ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP that why mechanism is also referred as Photophosphorylation.
Answer:
The answer is Descent with Modification
Descent with Modification refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring. This passing on of traits is known as heredity, and the basic unit of the heredity is the gene.
Geosphere is the sphere containing sediments as well as rocks
- hydrosphere can be regarded as the sphere which contains total amount of water that exist on a planet.
- The geosphere can be regarded as the collective name that is used to call the atmosphere of the earth lithosphere as well as hydrosphere, and cryosphere.
- The geosphere can be regarded as sphere which contains the rocks as well as minerals on Earth
- The geosphere is also the sphere with abiotic/non-living parts of soils as well as the skeletons of animals, it also contains sediment as well as rocks.
- An atmosphere can be regarded as the layers which consists of gases which envelope a planet.
Therefore, geosphere is collection of spheres containing sediments as well rocks.
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Answer: Because <u>a large number of crosses must be carried out to determine the mode of inheritance. </u>
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