Answer:
The correct answer would be b. because water provides electrons.
During the light reaction of the photosynthesis, the water is photolysed into high energy electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen.
The overall reaction can be written as:
2 H₂O + sunlight → 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻ + O₂
It takes in water-splitting complex associated with photo-system II rooted in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast.
The oxygen is released as the byproduct of photosynthesis.
The hydrogen ions help in the formation chemiosmotic potential across the thyllakoid membrane which help in the formation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
The electrons are used to replace the electrons lost from chlorophyll a of reaction centre associated with photo-system II. The electrons are lost due to the photo-excitation of chlorophyll a.
The electrons lost from chlorophyll a help in the production of ATP and are used to reduce NADP⁺ into NADPH.
The ATP and NADPH are used in light-independent reaction of the photosynthesis to produce glucose or food.
Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
From your bladder, the pathway of exit to the outside is through the urethra.
The diameter of the female urethra is about 6 mm. The male urethra is usually a bit larger.
Kidney stones can vary in size from 0.1 mm to over 40 mm in size.
Stones less than about 6 mm in size can usually pass through the urethra on their own with little or no pain.
Larger stones can be excruciatingly painful. The urethra cannot expand enough for them to pass through. Such stones usually need medical treatment to be removed.
I would say sexual selection
If you have options though I would feel more confident giving you my answer, if not, that's fine too.
Hope this helps :)
Closely related organisms pass through similar embryonic stages. The earlier the divergence of embryos occurs between two species, the more distant their most recent common ancestor, as with the vertebrate/insect gastrea example above
