They are caused by sexual contacts
and for AIDS specifically it can also be caused by mixing of blood, by contacting the blood of an infected person, or by mother's blood transfered to feotus
it can also be transmitted by sharing of syringes or needle s
You may know what to do for something but you also have to show the person that you care and show them kindness. Things are a lot easier when someone shows care AND knowledge into what they're doing.