Answer:
This exercise is incomplete. The response options are as follows:
a) e+ ca+
b) e ca
c) e ca+
d) e+ ca
The answer is c) e ca+ and d) e+ ca
Explanation:
The Punnett square is a diagram used by biologists to calculate the probability that an individual has a particular genotype. In the Punnett square, each of the possible combinations for the expression of the dominant and recessive alleles can be observed. In the case of exercise, since a crossing is not possible in men, these will only help later during the combination of the alleles.
Answer:
Concentration gradient
Explanation:
Concentration gradient of the ions across the membrane generates the membrane resting potential.
Concentration gradient means that there is unequal distribution of the ions on different sides of membrane. For example, the concentration of K ions is much higher within the cell then out of the cell. Opposite is with the Na ions. When ions move from the area of their higher concentration to the are with the lower concentration, we say they move down the gradient or diffuse (no energy required). On the other hand, movement of ions against their gradient means that this process requires energy and involves protein pumps.
The noncyclic pathway is a FLOW of electrons from water, to photosystem II, to PHOTOSYSTEM I to NADPH. Energy is released as ELECTRONS move through the first electron transfer chain. This energy pumps HYDROGEN IONS into the thylakoid compartment, and then they power the formation of ATP as they flow back out. Sunlight provides the energy needed to keep this cycle going.
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- Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
- When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
- The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
- <em>When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules. </em>
- Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
- <em>When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II. </em>
- When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
- The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
- Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
The final products are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
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Related Link: brainly.com/question/13592516?referrer=searchResults
Following are the statements:
1. Main phagocytes in circulation
2. Like eosinophils, they are involved in inflammation and allergic reactions
3. Phagocytic cells that leave circulation and differentiate into macrophages
4. Display no antigen specificity but are active against tumor and virally infected cells
Answer:
1. Neutrophils
2. Basophils
3. Monocytes
4. Natural killer cells
Explanation:
Neutrophils can be described as the most abundant type of white blood cells. They make up to 55%- 75% of the immune system.
Basophils can be described as white blood cells which are made in the bone marrow.
Monocytes can be described as white blood cells which are the largest and differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells.
Natural killer cells can be described as white blood cells which play a role in providing innate immunity.
