Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
Speciation<span> is the term used to describe the formation of a new </span>species<span> due to </span>natural selection<span>.</span>
Answer:
Because flu viruses evolve so quickly, last year's vaccine may not protect you from this year's viruses. New flu vaccines are released every year to keep up with rapidly adapting flu viruses.
Chloroplasts because that is the substance that gives leaves its green colour and also helps in photosynthesis
