Answer:
d. a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence.
Explanation:
A <u>single nucleotide insertion downstream and close to the start of coding sequence will produce the most harmful effect</u> among all these given options because it will cause the <u>entire reading frame to shift in the beginning itself leading to insertion of wrong amino acids in the entire polypeptide chain</u>, hence the entire protein will have extremely different amino acids than the original protein was supposed to have and such <u>protein will be dysfunctional. </u>
In option (a), it is given that the three nucleotides near the middle of the gene will be deleted. This scenario will produce comparatively less harmful effect because in this case only one amino acid which is coded by this deleted triplet codon will be absent in the polypeptide.
In option (b), a single nucleotide deletion has occurred that too in an intron. It will produce <u>no harmful effect in case of eukaryotes</u> because introns are ultimately removed before translation so the amino acids in the polypeptide will remain the same. In case of prokaryotes such deletion may cause some harmful effect in case of mRNA only because introns in prokaryotic mRNA are not removed. But, if the mRNA is for <u>prokaryotic tRNA and rRNA </u>then there will be no harmful effect because they undergo processing in which introns are removed.
In option (c) also there will be very less harmful effect because deletion is occurring near the end of coding sequence which will lead to insertion of wrong amino acid in the polypeptide at the end of polypeptide chain that means very less abnormal amino acids will be present so effect will be less harmful.
Answer:
google should help with that
Functions of blood:
1. Blood carries oxygen from and carbon dioxide to lungs, nutrients from guts, urea from the liver.
2. It contains anti-bodies, hormones, haemoglobin and many other substances.
3. It distributes heat around the body.
The water molecules become close together and becomes a solid, the temperature is cold because the heat leaves the cup.
Answer:
Bacterial genomes contain small transposable elements termed <u>Jumping Genes</u> that resemble transposons of eukaryotic cells.
Explanation:
Jumping genes are small parts of the DNA that program enzymes and move it from one DNA location to another, sometimes on the same molecule of DNA sometimes on another molecule.
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