Consumer Culture
A society in which mass production and consumption of nationally advertised products comes to dictate much of social life and status.
Jazz Age
Term coined by writer F. Scott Fitzgerald to characterize the spirit of rebellion and spontaneity among young Americans in the 1920's, a spirit epitomized by the hugely popular jazz music of the era.
Flappers
Young women of the 1920's whose rebelling against prewar standards of feminist included wearing shorter dresses, bobbing their hair, dancing to jazz music, driving my cars, smoking cigarettes, and indulging in illogical drinking and gambling.
Harlem Renaissance
The nation's first self-conscious black literary and artistic movement, centered in New York City's Harlem district, which had a largely black population in the wake of the Great Migration from the South.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Organization founded in 1910 by black activists and white progressives that promoted education as a means of combating social problems and focused on Leah all action to secure the civil rights supposedly guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.
Modernism
An early-twentieth-century cultural movement that rejected traditional notions of reality and adopted radical new forms of artistic expression.
Nativism
Reactionary conservative movement characterized by heightened nationalism, anti-immigration sentiment, and laws setting stricter regulations on immigration.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case (1921)
Trail of two Italian immigrants that occurred at the height of Italian immigration and against the backdrop of numerous terror attacks by anarchists despite the lack of clear evidence, the two defendants, both self professed anarchists, were convicted of mister and executed.
Immigration Act of 1924
Federal legislation intended to favor northern and Western European immigrants over those from southern and Eastern Europe by restricting the number of immigrants from any one European country to 2 percent of the total number of immigrants per year, with an overall limit of slightly over 150,000 new arrivals per year.
Scopes Trial (1925)
Highly publicized trail of a high school teacher in Tennessee for violating a state law the prohibited the teaching of evolution, the trail was seen as the climax of the fundamentalist war on Darwinism.
The Tribal Assembly or Assembly of the People (comitia populi tributa) of the Roman Republic was an assembly consisting of all Roman citizens convened by the tribes (tributim). During the Roman Republic, citizens were organized on the basis of 35 tribes: four urban tribes of the citizens in the city of Rome, and 31 rural tribes of citizens outside the city. The tribes gathered in the Tribal Assembly to vote on legislative, judicial and electoral matters. Each tribe voted separately and one after the other. In each tribe, decisions were made by majority vote and its decision counted as one vote regardless of how many electors each tribe held. Once a majority of tribes voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended and the matter was decided. The president of the Tribal Assembly was usually either a "consul" or a "praetor". The Tribal Assembly elected the "quaestors", and the "curule aediles". it conducted trials for non-capital punishment cases. However, the Roman Dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla reassigned this to special jury courts in 82 BC.There are disagreements among modern historians regarding the number and nature of the tribal assembly .
The citizens did not elect legislative representatives (such as congressmen or MPs). Instead, they voted themselves on legislative matters in the popular assemblies, the tribal assembly and the plebeian council). Bills were proposed by magistrates and the citizens only exercised their right to vote. The citizens also elected the magistrates in the popular assemblies. They were presided over by a single magistrate. It was the presiding magistrate who made all decisions on matters of procedure and legality. His power over the assembly could be nearly absolute. The only check on his power came in the form of vetoes by other magistrates. Any decision made by a presiding magistrate could be vetoed by the "plebeian tribunes".
<span> He modernized the country, importing western technology and ideas. He also turned it into European power, by defeating Sweden( a local superpower of that day) in the Great Northern War. Finally, he established royal authority over the church.
Other, minor reforms, included having the nobility shave their beards.Finally, and perhaps most famously,he built the city of Saint Petersburg, later Leningrad, now Saint Petersburg again.
On the negative side, he was a paranoid tyrant who solidified Czarist absolutism, but as Lenin later said, to make an omelette, one has to break a few eggs. </span>
