A. because that was the main goal, after the first crusade none of the other crusades managed to recapture Jerusalem again,
Yes he was sure because of the way the army was formed.
Explanation:
Europe in the nineteenth century drew on immense new resources created by the Industrial Revolution to underpin its expansion.
• European states were more powerful in the nineteenth century and were able to field more military resources in their imperialist competition with each other.
• To a greater extent than before, in the nineteenth century Europe enmeshed other parts of the world in networks of trade, investment, and sometimes migration. This ultimately generated a new world economy.
• Unlike the early modern period, in the nineteenth century European expansion brought with it a new culture of modernity—its scientific rationalism and technological achievements, its belief in a better future, and its ideas of nationalism, socialism, feminism, and individualism
