Punctuated equilibrium is t<span>he hypothesis that evolution occurs at an irregular rate through geologic time.
Hope this helps. </span>
Explanation:
<u>Philadelphia Convention.</u>
According to calculations employing specific material strengths (such as yield strength, Fy, or ultimate strength), nominal strength is the ability of a structure or component to resist the effects of loads.
What is nominal capacity of the beam?
- Using the forces in the beam's segments at equilibrium, the nominal moment capacity of an RC beam is calculated.
- On the nominal moment capacity under fire, the benefit of circulating cool water and covering concrete is evaluated.
How do you calculate reinforced concrete beams?
The numbers must be multiplied by 1.65 - 0.0003wc but not less than 1.09 for lightweight concrete with equilibrium density (between 1440 and 1840 kg/m3).
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I would say C because the french reduced the colonial rule in southeast Asia
